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Vascular Assessment

Non-invasive bedside testing — ABI, TBI, and Doppler — to confirm adequate blood flow before treatment.

How vascular assessment works

Healix360 supports access to advanced mobile wound care services for patients throughout our coverage area. Services are delivered by licensed physicians and nurse practitioners experienced in the evaluation and management of chronic and complex wounds. Care is coordinated and provided directly to patients in private residences, assisted living communities, and skilled nursing facilities. Vascular assessment works by combining clinical examination with objective hemodynamic measurements. ABI compares blood pressure at the ankle with blood pressure at the arm to estimate the severity of any arterial obstruction. TBI is used in patients with calcified non-compressible vessels (common in diabetes) where ABI is unreliable. Doppler ultrasound provides an audible and waveform readout of arterial flow at specific points along the leg and foot. Together, these data points determine whether a wound has the perfusion required to heal — and whether vascular surgery referral is warranted before further wound care is escalated.

When it may be used

A licensed clinician determines whether this treatment is appropriate after evaluating the wound and the patient's medical history.

  • Initial workup of any lower-extremity wound, especially diabetic foot ulcers and suspected arterial ulcers.
  • Before initiating compression therapy for venous leg ulcers (to rule out concurrent arterial disease).
  • Before sharp debridement of any wound where ischemia is suspected.
  • Before initiating advanced cellular or biologic therapy that requires adequate blood supply.
  • Reassessment when a previously healing wound stalls or worsens.

When it may not be appropriate

Treatment decisions are individualized. Potential contraindications and precautions may include:

  • Severe lower-extremity pain that prevents safe cuff inflation (alternate methods may be substituted).
  • Active deep vein thrombosis in the leg being assessed.
  • Recent lower-extremity surgery where direct cuff pressure is contraindicated.

What to expect

The clinician brings a portable Doppler unit and pressure cuffs to the bedside. After a brief rest period, blood pressure is measured at the brachial artery, the dorsalis pedis, and the posterior tibial artery (and at the great toe if TBI is needed). The full assessment typically takes 15 to 25 minutes and is comfortable for the patient. Results are documented in the visit note alongside a clinical interpretation and a clear recommendation regarding vascular referral if needed.

Evidence and clinical context

Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines, the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot, and Wound Healing Society standards all recommend non-invasive vascular assessment as a foundational step in the evaluation of any lower-extremity ulcer. ABI and TBI measurements are well-validated predictors of healing potential and amputation risk.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does the vascular assessment hurt?

No. The assessment is non-invasive. The clinician inflates a blood pressure cuff briefly at the arm and ankle, similar to a routine blood pressure check, while listening with a small handheld Doppler probe.

Why do diabetics need a TBI instead of an ABI?

Diabetes can cause calcification of the medial layer of the larger leg arteries, making them resistant to compression. This produces a falsely elevated ABI. Toe arteries are less commonly calcified, so the toe-brachial index gives a more accurate picture of perfusion in diabetic patients.

What happens if my ABI is abnormal?

An abnormal result prompts a referral to vascular surgery for further imaging and consideration of revascularization. Restoring blood flow is often the single most important step before any other wound therapy will be effective.

Can compression therapy be applied without a vascular assessment?

No. Applying compression to a leg with significant arterial disease can worsen ischemia and cause serious harm. A vascular assessment is performed before any compression therapy is initiated for a venous leg ulcer.

Is the vascular assessment covered by insurance?

Non-invasive vascular studies performed by a licensed clinician are typically covered by Medicare Part B, Medicare Advantage, Medicaid, and most commercial plans when medical necessity is documented.

Call 877-545-1300 or request a provider to begin care. Healix360 serves Southern California and Nevada and accepts Medicare Part B and most major insurance plans.